EFFECTS OF SALMON-DERIVED NITROGEN ON RIPARIAN FOREST GROWTH AND IMPLICATIONS FOR STREAM PRODUCTIVITY

The ancient Loulan, situated on the west bank of Lake Lop Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China, was an important town on the Silk Road connecting China to Europe. However, this once-prosperous kingdom has been a depopulated zone filled with wind-eroded mounds since approximately AD 500–600. A comprehensive understanding of the environmental setting of the flourishing Loulan civilization is a prerequisite for assessing environment–human interaction there. Here, we present our survey, chronology, and archaeobotany (the identification of plant remains) of vegetation use for architecture from eight ancient ruins of the Loulan kingdom to clarify the ecological landscape on the west bank of Lake Lop Nur and to assess paleoenvironmental conditions when the Loulan kingdom flourished. Our results suggest that Populus euphratica, tamarisk ( Tamarix Linn), and reed ( Phragmites Trin.) were most widely used as building materials in this period. Wood utilization for buildings depended entirely on indigenous vegetation rather than that of the mountains in the Loulan kingdom, even though the Loulan was a predominant transportation hub on the prosperous Silk Road. Our reconstruction indicates that the west bank of Lake Lop Nur was sufficiently wetter than present conditions to support riparian forest growth composed mainly of P. euphratica, tamarisk shrubs, and reed meadows, until approximately AD 500. These wetter conditions and flourishing civilization accompanied an increase in precipitation in arid central Asia. Conversely, combined evidence of both archeological and paleoclimatic records from the water sources of Lake Lop Nur and ancient oases suggest that abrupt decreased mountain precipitation could be considered a significant environmental factor in the decline of Loulan kingdom.

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Simulating the dynamics of linear forests in Great Plains agroecosystems under changing climates

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x04-138 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 2564-2572 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Qinfeng Guo ◽

J Brandle ◽

M Schoeneberger ◽

D Buettner

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Great Plains ◽

Growth Models ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Climate Data ◽

Tree Biomass ◽

A Minor ◽

Aboveground Tree Biomass ◽

Forest Growth Models

Most forest growth models are not suitable for the highly fragmented, linear (or linearly shaped) forests in the Great Plains agroecosystems (e.g., windbreaks, riparian forest buffers), where such forests are a minor but ecologically important component of the land mosaics. This study used SEEDSCAPE, a recently modified gap model designed for cultivated land mosaics in the Great Plains, to simulate the effects of climate change on the dynamics of such linear forests. We simulated the dynamics of windbreaks with different initial planting species richness and widths (light changes as the selected resulting factor) using current climate data and nested regional circulation models (RegCMs). Results indicated that (i) it took 7080 simulation years for the linear forests to reach a steady state under both normal (present-day) and warming climates; (ii) warming climates would reduce total aboveground tree biomass and the spatial variation in biomass, but increase dominance in the linear forests, especially in the upland forests; (iii) linear forests with higher planting species richness and smaller width produced higher aboveground tree biomass per unit area; and (iv) the same species performed very differently with different climate scenarios, initial planting diversity, and forest widths. Although the model still needs further improvements (e.g., the effects of understory species should be included), the model can serve as a useful tool in modeling the succession of linear forests in human-dominated land mosaics under changing climates and may also have significant practical implications in other systems.

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Forest growth modeling and prediction (Volumes 1 & 2).

10.2737/nc-gtr-120 ◽

1988 ◽

Author(s):

Alan R. Ek ◽

Stephen R. Shifley ◽

Thomas E. Burk

Keyword(s):

Growth Modeling ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Modeling And Prediction

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Impacts of interacting fire, climate, and hydrologic changes on riparian forest ecosystems in the Southwest

10.2737/rmrs-gtr-377-chap3 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 32-46

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Riparian Forest

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Das nachhaltig verfügbare Holznutzungspotenzial im Schweizer Wald

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2016.0162 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 167 (3) ◽

pp. 162-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ruedi Taverna ◽

Michael Gautschi ◽

Peter Hofer

Keyword(s):

National Level ◽

Reference Value ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Management Scenarios ◽

Additional Time ◽

Basic Scenario ◽

Economic Framework ◽

Forest Growth Model ◽

New Findings

The sustainably available wood use potential in Swiss forests Based on the most recent simulations created using the Massimo forest growth model, the sustainably available wood use potential in Swiss forests was calculated for five management scenarios for the next three decades as well as for two additional time periods in the future (to monitor the long-term effects). The term “sustainably available wood use potential” covers those wood quantities that could be put on the market, taking into account socio-ecological and economic restrictions on use. The sustainably available wood use potential is provided for production regions, priority functions as well as the assortment and qualities of timber. The previously used factors of the applied “onion” model were checked and modified, if necessary, in order to take new findings and current cost developments into consideration. The calculations for all scenarios come up with a sustainably available wood use potential that is much lower than in earlier investigations. Depending on the scenario and decade, sustainably available wood use potential accounts for less than 50% of the total use potential. The biggest decrease in total use potential was due to economic framework conditions. Turning to Switzerland as a whole, towards the end of the investigation period (2106) those scenarios including a sharp increase in use in the first three decades result in a sustainably available wood use potential that is clearly lower than the reference value used at the beginning of the simulation. In the basic scenario (constant stock) and in the scenario in which the form of management used to date (increasing stock) was simulated, the sustainably available wood use potential at national level remained more or less the same throughout the simulation period, ranging from 5 to 6 million m3 per year.

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EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL COMO SUBSIDIO A (RE)AVALIAÇÃO DAS FORMAS DE USO NA APA DO ESTUÁRIO DO RIO CEARÁ EM FORTALEZA

Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral (RCGS) ◽

10.35701/rcgs.v21n2.583 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 962-975

Author(s):

Emerson Rodrigues Lima ◽

Ana Carla Alves Gomes ◽

Ícaro Paiva de Oliveira ◽

Maria Lucia Brito da Cruz

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Environmental Education ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Field Work ◽

Protection Area ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Natural Dynamics ◽

Del Rio

A pesquisa trata de uma análise da relação sociedade natureza no contexto da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do rio Ceará e teve como objetivo principal o estudo dos impactos negativos sofridos a partir dessa interação, descrevendo os principais problemas ocasionados pela ocupação desordenada, como a intervenção nas dunas, poluição do mangue e desmatamento da mata ciliar, os quais condicionam a mudança da dinâmica natural do ambiente causando interferências paisagísticas e biológicas no local. O aporte teórico metodológico embasa-se nas teorias clássicas pertinentes, bem como levantamento de dados secundários, trabalho de campo e a técnica de geoprocessamento para a elaboração de material cartográfico. Os resultados demonstram a urgência em inserir práticas vinculadas a educação ambiental na APA, dessa forma, o trabalho visa servir de subsídio à conscientização da necessidade de preservação deste ambiente, recomendando, assim o diálogo entre a população e os órgãos responsáveis para garantir o uso sustentável da mesma.Palavras-chave: Conservação; Educação Ambiental; Análise Geoambiental. ABSTRACTThe research deals with an analysis of the relation nature-society in the context of the APA (Ambiental Protection Area) of Ceará River and it had as main objective the study of the negative impacts suffered from this interaction, describing the main problems caused by the disordered occupation, such as the intervention in the dunes, mangrove pollution and deforestation of the riparian forest, which condition the change of the natural dynamics of the environment causing landscape and biological interferences in the place. The theoretical methodological support is based on the relevant classical theories, as well as secondary data collection, field work and the geoprocessing technique for the preparation of cartographic material. The results show the urgency to insert practices related to environmental education in the APA, so this work aims to serve as a subsidy to raise awareness of the need to preserve this environment, recommending in this way the dialogue between the population and responsible bodies to ensure sustainable use of the same. Keywords: Conservation; Environmental education; Geoenvironmental Analysis. RESUMENLa investigación aborda un análisis de la relación de la sociedad de la naturaleza en el contexto del Área de Protección Ambiental (APA) del río Ceará y su objetivo principal fue el estudio de los impactos negativos sufridos por esta interacción, describiendo los principales problemas causados por la ocupación desordenada, como el intervención en las dunas, contaminación del manglar y deforestación del bosque ribereño, que condicionan el cambio de la dinámica natural del ambiente causando interferencia biológica y paisajística en el lugar. La base teórica metodológica se basa en las teorías clásicas relevantes, así como en la recolección secundaria de datos, el trabajo de campo y la técnica de geoprocesamiento para la preparación de material cartográfico. Los resultados demuestran la urgencia de insertar prácticas relacionadas con la educación ambiental en la APA, por lo tanto, el trabajo tiene como objetivo apoyar la conciencia de la necesidad de preservar este medio ambiente, recomendando así el diálogo entre la población y los organismos responsables para garantizar un uso sostenible de la misma.Palabras clave: Conservación; Educación ambiental; Análisis geoambiental.

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